Proximity

Proximity

We group nearby figures together.  

http://www.clker.com/cliparts/8/5/b/3/1206558153727794007IncessantBlabber_Open_road.svg.hi.png

Here, we see 2 roads rather than 8 separate lanes.

Similarity

Similarity

We group together figures that are similar to each other.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/43/1961_Michigan_Wolverines_men's_basketball_team.jpg

We see this group of men as a basketball team.  We don't notice differences like height, weight, or age.

Continuity

Continuity

We perceive smooth, continuous patterns, rather than discontinuous ones.

http://peace.saumag.edu/faculty/kardas/Images/Web%20Images/Lecture/continuity2.GIF

Here, we perceive a squiggly line snaking, rather than several semicircles on top of squares.  We believe the line to be drawn with a single pen stroke, 

Monocular Cue (Interposition)

Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone.

http://www.skybrary.aero/images/Vis_Fig11.jpg

Closure

Closure

We fill in gaps to create a  complete, whole object.

http://willcov.com/bio-consciousness/sidebars/Gestalt%20Perception_files/image3051.gif

We perceive this image as a dog, where in reality it's just a bunch of odd blotches of black on a white background.

Monocular Cue (Relative Size)

Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone.

http://img3.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20100323151151/monoculardepthcues/images/2/26/Relative_Size_2.jpg

Binocular Cue

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes.

http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/236x/26/e3/ed/26e3ed37c776d67e8deeeb4c2209ed89.jpg

Figure-Ground Perception

The organization of the visual field into objects, the figures, that stand out from their surroundings, the ground.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cup_or_faces_paradox.svg/2000px-Cup_or_faces_paradox.svg.png

Motion Perception

Motion Perception

Humans are able to perceive motion and we can tell if an object is coming or going, and not simply getting smaller or larger.

http://getsuthinking.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/running-1.jpg

Brightness Constancy

Brightness Constancy

We perceive objects as being a constant color even as the light reflecting off the object changes

http://psychologicalpanda.blogspot.com/2013/11/brightness-constancy.html

Shape Constancy

Shape Constancy

Objects viewed from different angles will produce different shapes on our retinas, but we know the shape of the object remains constant

https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/psychology-notes-midterm-2-chapter-3/deck/1246375

Size Constancy

Size Constancy

Objects closer to our eyes will produce bigger images on our retinas, but we take distance into account in our estimations of size 

http://psychapprentice.weebly.com/psychology-lexicon/visual-constancy